Remember that King Saul got the medium of Eyn-Dor to summon the spirit of Samuel (1Sam 28:3-25), and as a result he lost his kingship over it – he died, along with his whole army. The issue is therefore not whether it is possible to speak to the dead; these mediums probably can. The real issue is that the practice is not something that a true Yahwist should ever engage in – consulting the dead for advice.

A little personal ghost story: I used to live in a Victorian mansion in Lincoln between 1970-1977. It was built in the St. Catherine’s district of Lincoln in 1867 by a wealthy local businessman, on land that had previously belonged to a local priory and mediæval hospital run by monks (the Gilbertine Order, a little-known local order unique to Lincolnshire, 1130 to 1539). My father, who doesn’t believe in ghosts or even an afterlife, once saw a woman dressed in Victorian clothing, descending the great stairway near the front of the house, who greeted him once, and he responded with a “hello”. He also saw the ghostly image of a monk dressed in the Gilbertine habit, as the monk passed by an open doorway on his way to our back garden. Excavations in 2007, when the house was demolished, found that the place where the ghost-monk was heading had been a small chapel (called the Chapel of the Saint Sepulchre), the ruins of which lay underneath our back garden. More disturbing though was that our house was found to have been built on a cemetery, and over 40 skeletons dating to the 12th to 14th centuries were found right underneath our house. All of my family had disturbing experiences there, except in one part of the house. The north side was built a couple of decades after the main areas of the house; they had found and removed all the graves before building the north rooms. Those rooms were always peaceful and serene, whereas the rest of the house filled us, as kids in our early teens, with nightmares. So yes, I believe ghosts are real.

Regarding ‘unclean spirits’: this type of belief was very much a ‘folk belief’ of its time. The prophet Zechariah criticised the ordinary people’s belief in ‘unclean spirits’ (Zech 13:2), but by the New Testament period, it seems to have permeated general everyday belief. At that time, they believed that ‘unclean spirits’ were the cause of all physical illnesses and mental illness, and that therefore sufferers needed to be exorcised in order to ‘cure’ them. Of course, we know today that this is utter nonsense; I personally do not believe that Yeshua, as a prophet of God, would truly have gone along with such a thing. Instead, I think that he would have found a way both to heal people of their illness, and of people’s ungodly belief in demons and unclean spirits.

During the period covered by the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites were sometimes tempted to make offerings to ‘wilderness demons’, because they thought that these demons caused sickness – again, Israelites were warned against this practice (Lev 17:7). Yahwist belief is that it is Adonai our God who has power over all things; therefore, to believe that evil spirits or demons cause sickness is actually contrary to the Yahwist Israelite faith. 

Amongst Jews of that time period, there was the unhealthy and undesirable belief among some people that, if you became ill, or had some misfortune, then it was your own fault, and that God was punishing you – you must have done something wrong to deserve your illness or misfortune. However, a compassionate and godly person would have immediately seen the injustice and heartlessness of this way of thinking. So, as a prophet of God, I personally believe that the real Yeshua would not only NOT have believed in evil spirits (because it was inherently a pagan belief), but also, he would have felt that it showed a lack of understanding of God’s active compassion in our daily lives. This is the reason for the midrash (explanatory text) contained in the Sefer Yeshua at 138:9-19.