In Yahwist theology, politics is meant to serve the well-being of the people as a whole (Jer 29:7; Prov 11:11). The poor are not to be driven into abject destitution, and affluent business folk are not to be crushed by unjust economic restrictions (Deut 24:14–15; Prov 22:16). Yet by the biblical, covenant-principle of ‘mutual responsibility’, the reverse also holds: the poor are not entitled to exploit generosity or take advantage of kindness (Prov 20:1; 21:17), and the rich are not permitted to ruin a nation by ruthless and selfish manipulation of its economy (Amos 8:4–6; Mic 2:1–2). Justice in Yahwism is incumbent on both sides of a social transaction; justice and civic responsibility are not unilateral rights (Lev 19:15; Deut 1:17).


YHVH’s values come before human politics. Therefore in the Miqra, politics is never morally neutral. Kings are judged, not by military success or economic growth alone, but by righteousness, justice, mercy, and fidelity to God’s ways (2 Sam 23:3; Ps 72; Prov 16:12). Political authority is always accountable to a higher moral law (Deut 17:18–20), and the prophets were not afraid to speak against power when it committed wrongs (2 Sam 12:1–14, 1 Kings 18:17–18, 21:17–24, 22:8–28, 2 Kings 3:13–14, Isa 1:10–17, 3:12–15, 10:1–2, 32:1–7, and many many other instances far too numerous to mention).